AP Statistics 📊

Key Takeaways

• Statistical inference estimates population proportions using sample data.
• Confidence intervals estimate plausible values for a population proportion.
• Hypothesis tests evaluate claims about population proportions.
• A p-value measures the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis.
• Statistical significance does not necessarily imply practical significance.

Must Know Equations

Sample Proportion:
p̂ = x/n

Standard Error:
√[p(1−p)/n]

Confidence Interval:
p̂ ± z* × SE

Test Statistic:
z = (p̂−p₀)/SE

Must Know Vocabulary

Population Proportion
Sample Proportion
Confidence Interval
Margin of Error
Null Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis
p-value
Statistical Significance

AP Exam Focus

• Construct and interpret confidence intervals.
• Perform hypothesis tests for proportions.
• Interpret p-values in context.

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